As we age, maintaining proper nutrition and hydration becomes increasingly important for overall health and wellbeing. Older adults, especially those living with dementia, may find it harder recognising their own hydration and nutritional needs. Sometimes our bodies do not signal thirst to us as clearly at it used to, and sometimes it’s hard to explain exactly what we need. Therefore, caregivers and family members must be vigilant in ensuring that their elderly loved ones receive the nutrition and hydration which they need.

Dehydration can have notable effects on older adults, leading to a range of complications, including urinary tract infections, kidney problems, and reduced cognitive function. Spotting dehydration early is crucial to preventing these issues. Here are key indicators to watch for:
1. Decreased urination – If your loved one is using the restroom significantly less frequently, they may not be consuming enough fluids.
2. Dark urine – Healthy hydration levels result in pale yellow urine. Dark urine may indicate dehydration and a need for increased fluid intake.
3. Dry mouth and lips – Cracked lips or a sticky feeling in the mouth are common signs of dehydration.
4. Fatigue and weakness – Dehydration can cause unusual tiredness and muscle weakness.
5. Confusion or disorientation – Lack of fluids can worsen cognitive function, particularly in individuals living with dementia.
6. Dizziness or lightheadedness – A drop in blood pressure due to dehydration can lead to dizziness, especially when standing up.
7. Dry skin – Dehydrated skin may appear dry, flaky, or less elastic.
8. Sunken eyes – Hollow-looking eyes can be a sign of severe dehydration. In this scenario immediate support would be needed.
9. Increased heart rate – The body compensates for dehydration by increasing heart rate, which can be dangerous for individuals with heart conditions.
10. Difficulty swallowing – Some elderly individuals may struggle to drink enough fluids due to swallowing difficulties, making alternative hydration methods essential. You can read a little bit more about how we support with this in our care homes here. – Athena Care Homes chef development training focuses on Dysphagia-friendly foods – Athena

The importance of proper nutrition for older adults
Just as hydration is essential, proper nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining strength, cognitive function, and overall wellbeing in older adults. As metabolism slows with age and nutrient absorption decreases, consuming a balanced diet becomes even more critical.

Staying Hydrated – Athena

Key nutritional considerations:
• Protein intake – Essential for maintaining muscle mass and strength. Include lean meats, eggs, dairy, legumes, and nuts in their diet.
• Fibre – Helps with digestion and prevents constipation. Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes are excellent sources.
• Healthy fats – Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish, nuts, and seeds, support brain health and reduce inflammation.
• Vitamins and minerals – Calcium and Vitamin D are crucial for bone health, while B vitamins help with energy levels and cognitive function. Ensure intake through dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods.
• Hydrating foods – Water-rich foods such as watermelon, cucumbers, oranges, and soups help maintain hydration levels.

Taking action
If you suspect that your elderly loved one is dehydrated or not receiving adequate nutrition, encourage them to drink more fluids and consume nutrient-rich foods. Ensure that they have easy access to water and healthy meals throughout the day. For those living with dementia, offering fluids in small sips and providing hydrating foods can be effective strategies. If severe dehydration or malnutrition is suspected, seek medical attention immediately.

By staying proactive and attentive, caregivers and family members can help their elderly loved ones maintain good health and improve their quality of life. Proper hydration and nutrition are fundamental to aging well and reducing the risk of serious health complications.

To find out more about Nutrition and Hydration Week  N&H Week | Nutrition and Hydration Week

Welcome to Nutrition and Hydration Week – Athena